地球の歴史

History of the Earth:宇宙で太陽系にある第三惑星の歴史−地球の人間・人為の解釈に基づく変遷

冥王代 - Hadean

地球の誕生から最初の生命体の誕生する時代

太古代 - Archean

生命の証拠を発見する小さな始原大陸の時代

原生代 - Proterozoic

酸素の増加と原始的多細胞生物の現れる時代

顕生代 - Phanerozoic

目に見える生物の豊富に存在する現在の時代

Andersson, Siv G. E. et al. "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria". Nature; 1998.
Archaeopteryx: An Early Bird. University of California, Berkeley Museum of Paleontology. 1996. Retrieved 2006-04-09.
Bleeker, W.; B. W. Davis. What is a craton?. Spring meeting. American Geophysical Union; May 2004.
Cattermole, Peter; Moore, Patrick. The story of the earth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1985.
Chaisson, Eric J. Early Cells. Cosmic Evolution. Tufts University. 2005. Retrieved 2006-03-29.
Charles Frankel. Volcanoes of the Solar System. Cambridge University Press; 1996. pp. 7-8.
Chauvet Cave. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2006-04-11.
Clack, Jennifer A. Getting a Leg Up on Land. Scientific American; December 2005. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
Condie, Kent C.. Earth as an Evolving Planetary System (2nd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier Science. 2011.
Condie, Kent C. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (4th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. 1997.
Dawkins, Richard. Memes: the new replicators. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1976. pp. 189-201.
Dawkins, Richard. The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company; 2004.
Dawson, Ashley (2016). Extinction: A Radical History. OR Books. p. 19.
Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel. W. W. Norton & Company; 1999.
From prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Understanding evolution: your one-stop source for information on evolution. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
Gale, Joseph. Astrobiology of Earth : the emergence, evolution, and future of life on a planet in turmoil. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.
Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; van Kranendonk, Martin (pdf). ?On the Geological Time Scale 2008 (Report). Retrieved 20 April 2012.
Green, Jack. Academic Aspects of Lunar Water Resources and Their Relevance to Lunar Protolife. International Journal of Molecular Sciences; 2011.
Halliday, Alex N. A young Moon-forming giant impact at 70?110 million years accompanied by late-stage mixing. November 28, 2008.
Hoffman, P.F.; Kaufman, A.J.; Halverson, G.P.; Schrag, D.P. A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Science; 1998.
Hopfe, Lewis M. Characteristics of Basic Religions". Religions of the World. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company. 1976. pp. 17, 17-19.
Kasting, James F.; Catling, David. Evolution of a habitable planet. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics; 2003.
Kasting, James F. Earth's early atmosphere. Science; 1993.
Kasting, James F.; M. Tazewell Howard. Atmospheric composition and climate on the early Earth. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. September 7, 2006.
Kleine, T. et al. Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon. Science; 2005.
Luisi, P. L., Ferri, F. and Stano, P. Approaches to semi-synthetic minimal cells: a review. Naturwissenschaften; 2006.
Lunine, J. I. Earth: evolution of a habitable world. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 1999.
Matson, John. Luminary Lineage: Did an Ancient Supernova Trigger the Solar System's Birth?. July 7, 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
McClellan. Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction. Baltimore, Maryland: JHU Press; 2006. Page 8-12.
McGhee, Jr, George R. The Late Devonian Mass Extinction: the Frasnian/Famennian Crisis. Columbia University Press; 1996.
McNeill, Willam H. A World History. New York: Oxford University Press; 1967.
Moskowitz, Clara. Life's Building Blocks May Have Formed in Dust Around Young Sun. Space.com; 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
Palmer, Allison R. The biomere problem: Evolution of an idea. Journal of Paleontology; 1984.
Patrick K. O’Brien, ed. 2002. The Human Revolution. Atlas of World History (concise ed.). New York: Oxford University Press; p. 16.
Patwardhan, A.M. The Dyanmic Earth System. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. 2010. p. 146.
Peretó, J. Controversies on the origin of life (PDF). Int. Microbiol; 2005. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
P. Goldreich, W. R. Ward. The Formation of Planetesimals. Astrophysical Journal; 1973.
Pisani, Davide. et al. The colonization of land by animals: molecular phylogeny and divergence times among arthropods. January 19, 2004.
Plant Evolution. Evolution for teaching. University of Waikato; October 2004. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
Runkel, Anthony C. et al. Tropical shoreline ice in the late Cambrian. 1 November 2010.
Snowball Earth. snowballearth.org. 2006?2009. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
Soltis, Pam; Doug Soltis, & Christine Edwards. Angiosperms. The Tree of Life Project. 2005. Retrieved 2006-04-09.
Stanley, Steven M. Earth system history (2nd ed.). New York: Freeman; 2005.
Steenhuysen, Julie. Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth. Reuters.com; May 21, 2009. Retrieved May 21, 2009.
Szathmáry, E. In search of the simplest cell. Nature; February 2005.
The Day the Earth Nearly Died. Horizon. BBC. 2002. Retrieved 2006-04-09.
The Mass Extinctions: The Late Ordovician Extinction. BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-02-21. Retrieved 2006-05-22.
Tudge, Colin. Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers: How Agriculture Really Began. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1998.
Webby, Barry D. et al. The great Ordovician biodiversification event. New York: Columbia university press. 2004.
What caused the snowball earths?. snowballearth.org. 2006-2009. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
Wilde, S. A. et al. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature; 2001. pp. 175-178.
Willis, K. J.; J. C. McElwain. The Evolution of Plants. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 93.
Woese, Carl; J. Peter Gogarten. When did eukaryotic cells evolve? What do we know about how they evolved from earlier life-forms?. October 21, 1999.
Xiao, S.; Laflamme, M. On the eve of animal radiation: phylogeny, ecology and evolution of the Ediacara biota. Trends in Ecology and Evolution; 2009.
Franke, D. Regionale Geologie von Ostdeutschland – Ein Wörterbuch. 2010.
Patterson WP, et al. Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies. 2010.
Bianchi GG, McCave IN. Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland. Nature. 1999.
Hiller, A. et al. Medieval climatic warming recorded by radiocarbon dated alpine tree-line shift on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Holocene. 2001. p. 491.
Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. San Francisco: Wikimedia Foundation.

クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンスに準拠した翻案作品の共有されるアーティクルです、編集された複製に関して変更しました。

惑星地球

太陽系にある46億年前に誕生した第三惑星