Cambrian:5億4100万年前〜4億8540万年前の地質学的時間−生物の急速な多様化と動物門の始まる時代
Ailin, C. A New Vetulicolian from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Yunnan of China. 2003.
Alroy, J. Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. PNAS 105. 2008.
Archaeocyathid reef structures ("bioherms"), although not as massive as later coral reefs, might have been as deep as ten meters (Emiliani 1992:451).
Arens, N. C.; West, I. D. Press-pulse: a general theory of mass extinction?. Paleobiology; 2008.
Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review. 2009.
Bambach, R.K.; Bush, A.M., Erwin, D.H. Autecology and the filling of Ecospace: Key metazoan radiations!. Palæontology 50. 2007.
Benton, M.J. 6. Reptiles Of The Triassic. Vertebrate Palaeontology. Blackwell; 2004.
Bothamley, Jennifer. Dictionary of Theories. Barnes and Noble. 2002. p. 557.
Briggs, D.E.G.; Erwin, D.H.; Collier, F.J. Fossils of the Burgess Shale, Washington: Smithsonian Inst Press. 1995.
Budd, G. E., Butterfield, N. J., and Jensen, S. Crustaceans and the "Cambrian Explosion″. Science; December 2001.
Butler, AB. Chordate Evolution and the Origin of Craniates: An Old Brain in a New Head. Anatomical Record; 2000.
Butterfield, N.J. Ecology and evolution of Cambrian plankton. The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. Columbia University Press. 2001. pp. 200-216.
Butterfield, N.J. Hooking some stem-group "worms": fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale. BioEssays. 2006.
Butterfield, N. J. Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time. Palaeontology 50. 2007.
Callaway, E. Fossilised shrimp show earliest group behaviour, New Scientist; 9 October 2008. archived from the original on 15 October 2008.
Cambrian HSU NHM. https://www.humboldt.edu/natmus/lifeThroughTime/Cambrian.web/index.html. 2011.
CAMPBELL, NEIL A. & REECE, JANE B. Biology, Seventh Edition. San Francisco CA: Benjamin Cummings. 2005.
Caron, J. -B.; Jackson, D. A. Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale. PALAIOS. October 2006.
Chatterton, B. D. E. Larval ecology, life history strategies, and patterns of extinction and survivorship among Ordovician trilobites. 1989.
Connor, Steve. Scientists see the light on the 'weirdest' fossil. The Independent. 16 December 2002. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
CRACRAFT, JOEL & DONOGHUE, MICHAEL J. Assembling the Tree of Life. New York: Oxford University Press US. 2004.
Dominguez, Patricio and Jeffries, Richard. Fossil evidence on the origin of appendicularians. Paper read at International Urochordate Meeting 2003.
Donoghue, P. C. J.; Forey, P. L.; Aldridge, R. J. Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny. Biological Reviews; 2000.
Cambrian origin of all skeletalized metazoan phyla?Discovery of Earth's oldest bryozoans (Upper Cambrian, southern Mexico).
Chen, J. Y.; Teichert, C. Cambrian cephalopods. Geology 11; 1983.
Conway Morris, S. The crucible of creation: the Burgess Shale and the rise of animals. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 56-9.
David Quammen. Planet of Weeds. Harper's Magazine. October 1998. retrieved November 15, 2012.
Different cycle lengths have been proposed; e.g. by Rohde, R.; Muller, R. Cycles in fossil diversity. Nature; 2005.
Dzik , J. Organic membranous skeleton of the Precambrian metazoans from Namibia. Geology 27 (6): 519-522. June 1999.
Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson. The last common bilaterian ancestor. Development. July 1, 2002.
Explanations.html. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Fichter, George S. Endangered animals. USA: Golden Books Publishing Company. 1995. p. 5.
Gabbott, Sarah E. Exceptional Preservation". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. 2001.
Getty, P. R. & Hagadorn, J. W. Reinterpretation of Climactichnites Logan 1860 to include subsurface burrows, ... 2008.
Giribet G. Assembling the lophotrochozoan (=spiralian) tree of life. Philos. Trans. April 2008.
Gozalo, Rodolfo. et al. Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2-3 boundary ... 1 December 2011.
"GSSP for Jiangshanian". Retrieved 12 November 2012..
"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
Hervé, et al. Multigene Analyses of Bilaterian Animals Corroborate the Monophyly of Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, and Protostomia. 2005.
Jablonski, D. Survival without recovery after mass extinctions. PNAS; 2002.
Kühl, G. et al. “A Great-Appendage Arthropod with a Radial Mouth from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany”. Science; Feb 2009.
Kuraku et al. Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA-Coded Genes. December 1999.
Landing, E. et al. Global standard names for the lowermost Cambrian series and stage. Episodes. 2007.
Learn more about First Life. https://firstlifeseries.com/learn-more/.
Lewin, Roger.Whose View of Life?". Discovery Magazine. 1 May 1992. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Li, G. The Fad of Watsonella Crosbyi. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
Liu; Shu, et al. Origin, diversification, and relationships of Cambrian lobopods. Gondwana Research 14. 2007.
Maloof, A.C. Constraints on early Cambrian carbon cycling from the duration of the Nemakit-Daldynian-Tommotian boundary $$\delta$$13C shift. 2010.
Melott, A.L.; Bambach, R.K. A ubiquitous ~62-Myr periodic fluctuation superimposed on general trends in fossil biodiversity. I. Documentation. 2011.
Melott, A.L. et al. A ~60 Myr periodicity is common to marine-87Sr/86Sr, fossil biodiversity, and large-scale sedimentation. 2012.
Mckerrow, W. S.; Scotese, C. R.; Brasier, M. D. Early Cambrian continental reconstructions. Journal of the Geological Society. 1992.
Mitchell, R. N.; Evans, D. A. D.; Kilian, T. M. Rapid Early Cambrian rotation of Gondwana. Geology. 2010.
Nee, S. Extinction, slime, and bottoms. PLoS Biology; 2004.
New data on Kimberella, the Vendian mollusc-like organism (White sea region, Russia): palaeoecological and evolutionary implications. 2007.
Nicholls, Henry. Mouth to Mouth. Nature; 10 September 2009. 164-166.
Ohno S. Evolution by Gene Duplication. London: Allen and Unwin. 1970.
Overholt, A. C. et al. Testing the link between terrestrial climate change and galactic spiral arm transit. The Astrophysical Journal. 2009.
Owen, R. Description of the impressions and footprints of the Protichnites from the Potsdam sandstone of Canada. 1852.
PALEOMAP Project. Cambrian: the beginning of the Paleozoic Era. https://www.scotese.com/newpage12.htm.
Paleozoic Life. https://facstaff.gpc.edu/~janderso/historic/paleolif.htm.
Paul F. Ciesielski. The oldest fossils reveal evolution of non-vascular plants by the middle to late Ordovician Period on the basis of fossil spores.
PENG, S.C. & BABCOCK, L.E. Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System. 2011.
Peng, Shanchi. Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian). 30 November 2004.
"Pikaia gracilens" Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011.
Porter, S.M. Halkieriids in Middle Cambrian Phosphatic Limestones from Australia. Journal of Paleontology. May 2004.
Powell, C.M.; Dalziel, I.W.D.; Li, Z.X.; McElhinny, M.W. Did Pannotia, the latest Neoproterozoic southern supercontinent, really exist. 1995.
Raup, DM; Sepkoski Jr, JJ. Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past. PNAS. 1984.
Raven, J.A.; Edwards, D. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. 2001.
Retallack, G.J. Cambrian palaeosols and landscapes of South Australia. Alcheringa. 2008. p.1083-1106.
Robert R. Gaines. et al. Preservation of giant anomalocaridids in silica-chlorite concretions from the Early Ordovician of Morocco. 2012.
Schieber, J. et al. Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Clastic Rock Record. Elsevier. pp. 53-71. 2007.
Scotese, C.R. ... supercontinents: The assembly of Rodinia, its break-up, and the formation of Pannotia during the Pan... 1998.
Shu et al. Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China. Nature; November 4, 1999.
Shu, D-G.; Luo, H-L.; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X-L.; Hu, S-X.; Chen, L.; Han, J.; Zhu, M. et al. Nature; 1999.
Sid Perkins. As the worms churn. Science News. October 23, 2009.
Smith, A.G. Neoproterozoic time scales and stratigraphy. Geol. Soc. (Special publication). 2008.
Stock, David; Whitt GS. Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfish form a natural group. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
Sundberg, F.A. et al. Detailed trilobite biostratigraphy across the proposed GSSP for Stage 5 ("Middle Cambrian" boundary) .... 22 September 2011.
The Cambrian Period. https://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cambrian/cambrian.php.
The Cambrian Explosion - Timing. https://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Cambrian/timing/timing.html.
The Ordovician: Life's second big bang.
Tim Haines, Paul Chambers. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Firefly Books. 2005.
Van Valkenburgh, B. Major patterns in the history of carnivorous mammals. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27; 1999. 463-493.
Waggoner, Ben. Vertebrates: Fossil Record. UCMP. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Whittington, H.B.; Briggs, D.E.G. The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. 1985.
Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. San Francisco: Wikimedia Foundation.
クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンスに準拠した翻案作品の共有されるアーティクルです、編集された複製に関して変更しました。